Mojibake, in Japanese, is "character transformation" or "garbled text." It happens when a certain character is only possible in a certain text encoding, which is like a "language," but for characters, but that encoding is not available. Mojibake ASCII is when the only available text encoding is ASCII, which consists of these characters:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890!@#$%^&*()`-=_+[]{}|;':",./?
and the space bar. There are also other characters, but they aren't printable, which means they don't show up on your screen.
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